FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL; AN ASSESSMENT

The study is about breast lesions which is a common cause of mortality and morbidity among females. To avoid negative consequences, there is need for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic tool and possess higher level of accuracy. In this study, the objective was to determine the accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps. Additionally, the objective was to find the correlation between cytological findings and histopathological examination of surgical specimens. The methodology of the study was based on retrospective study method. FNAC of breast lump was conducted on 271 patients out of which 104 formed the base group. The results showed that there were 104 patients of base study who had average age of 32 years. There were 54 patients with lump in left breasts, and 46 patients with lump in right breasts and 4 patient had bilateral lump. There were 77 patients with benign, 34 patients with malignant, and 3 had atypica;/suspicious lesions on cytological examination. Based on histopathological examination, 77 cases were related to benign, 26 were related to malignant, and 1 with atypical/suspicious. Cyto-histological concurrence was 93.05% and 79.2% for Fibroadenoma and Infiltrating ductal carcinoma respectively. Overall sensitivity of FNAC procedure was 94.17%, specificity 100% and accuracy 93.26%.  On the basis of result, it is concluded that FNAC is a simple, reliable method for diagnosis of both benign and malignant lesions and can be used in the evaluation of breast lesions.

The Impact of FDI, International Trade, and National Economy on People’s Standard of Living in ASEAN Countries

This research paper analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade, and national economy on the standard of living of people in ASEAN member countries, using data from 2012-2021. The study uses data from this period to examine the effects of these variables on the standard of living in ASEAN member countries. The results indicate that international trade and national economy have a significant influence on people's standard of living in the region. However, the effect of FDI varies depending on the level of development of the country. While FDI doesn't have much effect on developing countries, it has a negative impact on developed countries. The study also provides insights for policymakers on how to promote economic growth and improve the quality of life for people in the ASEAN. Keywords: FDI, international trade, national economy, the standard of living, ASEAN DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-6-10 Publication date:March 31st 2023

Comparison and evaluation of ontology visualizations

In the last couple of years a large number of software aiming at visualizing ontologies were introduced, causing difficulties in selecting an objectively suitable visualizing tool. This work lists free and commercial tools in four groups named by the visualizing method used by members of each group. Furthermore a detailed examination of each tool in a separate section is presented. Finally the document comes to an end with an overview of all listed tools and a recommendation of the most powerful ones of each group

Stable isotopes as an effective tool for N nutrient source identification in a heavily urbanized and agriculturally intensive tropical lowland basin

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. We present the application of dual stable isotope analyses of NO3 (δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) to provide a comprehensive assessment of the provenance, partitioning, and conversion of nitrate across the Day River Basin (DRB), Vietnam, which is heavily impacted by agriculture and urbanization. Stable isotope compositions of river water δ18O-H2O, in addition to their δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 signatures, were sampled at 12 locations in the DRB. Sample collection was conducted during three different periods to capture changes in regional weather and agricultural fertilization regimes; April (the dry season and key fertilization period), July (the rainy season and another key fertilization period) and October (the rainy season with no regional fertilization). Ranges of NO3 stable isotopes are − 7.1 to + 9.2‰ and − 3.9 to + 13.2‰ for δ18O and δ15N, respectively. Interpretation of the stable isotope data characterizes 4 main sources of NO3 in the DRB; (1) nitrified urea fertilizer derived from an intensive agricultural irrigation network, (2) soil and groundwater leaching from within the basin (3) manure and sewage inputs (which is more prevalent in downstream river sections) and (4) upstream inflow from the Red River which discharges into the Day River through the Dao River. We applied a mixing model for the DRB consisting of 4 variables, representing these 4 different sources. The partition calculation shows that during the fertilization and rainy period of July, more than 45% of river NO3 is derived from nitrified urea sources. During the other sampling periods (April and October), manure and sewage contribute more than 50% of river NO3 and are derived from the middle portion of the DRB, where the Day River receives domestic wastewater from the Vietnamese capital, Hanoi. Stable isotope data of O and N reveal that nitrification processes are more prevalent in the rainy season than in dry season and that this predominantly takes place in paddy field agricultural zones. In general, data demonstrate that nitrate loss in the DRB is due to denitrification which takes place in polluted stretches of the river and dominates in the dry season. This study highlights that (i) domestic waste should be treated prior to its discharge into the Day River and (ii) the need for better catchment agricultural fertilization practices as large portions of fertilizer currently discharge into the river, which greatly impacts regional water quality

Accumulation and variation of rosmarinic acid content in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. based on phenological stages

Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal herb trusted for many centuries for treating ailments of the kidney, bladder stone, urinary tract infection, liver and bladder problems, diabetes, rheumatism and gout. It is also used to reduce cholesterol and blood pressure. Rosmarinic acid is one of the most important and specific active compound in O. stamineus. The biological effects of rosmarinic acid have been proved. In the research, plant material was harvested at different phenological stages (before budding, full flowering, and after flowering) of the life cycle of the species. The content of rosmarinic acid in samples was measured using HPLC method. Results showed that the accumulation of rosmarinic acid in leaf was higher than that in other organs. The content of rosmarinic acid was increased gradually from before budding stage to flowering stage and reached the maximum content at time of after flowering stage. The content of rosmarinic acid of the 2nd variety was higher than that of the 1st variety at the same time (p 0.05)

Application of directional derivative method to determine boundary of magnetic sources by total magnetic anomalies

This paper presents the Directional Derivative method to determine location and boundaries of the magnetic directional structure sources through a new function DG (Directional Gradient - DG). Algorithm and computer program are made a code by Matlab language to attempt to calculate on 3D models in the compare with Horizontal derivative method (HG). A new function DG also applied to determine the boundary of magnetic sources by the total magnetic anomalies of Tuan Giao region. The result shows that with the application of new function DG, the boundaries of magnetic sources are exactly defined although they have a directional structure and small horizontal size. Moreover, because it does not depend on directions of magnetization, so in the computation, the transformation of the magnetic field to the pole can ignore, thus, reduce transient error. Alternatively, with the application of new function DG, the interferences in case the sources distributed close together are overcome. This usefulness affirms the possibility of application of the this method in the analysis and interpretation of magnetic data in Vietnam.ReferencesBhaskara Rao D. and N. Ramesh Babu, 1993. A fortran 77 computer program for tree dimensional inversion of magnetic anomalies resulting from multiple prismatic bodies, Computer Geosciences, 19(8), 781-801.Beiki M., David A. Clark, James R. Austin, and Clive A. Foss, 2012. Estimating source location using normalized magnetic source strength calculated from magnetic gradient tensor data. Geophysics, 77(6), J23-J37. Blakely R.J., and R. W. Simpson, 1986. Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies: Geophysics, 51, 1494 -1498. Blakely R.J., 1995. Potential theory in gravity and magnetic applications, Cambridge University Press. Cao Dinh Trieu, Pham Huy Long, 2002. Tectonic fault in Vietnam. Publisher of Science and Engineering. Debeglia N. and J. Corpel, 1997. Automatic 3-D interpretation of potential field data using analytic signal derivatives. Geophysics, 62, 87-96.Geological and Mineral resources map on 1:200,000. Seriesof Tay Bac, sheets of Muong Kha - Son La (F-48-XXV-F-48-XXVI), Phong Sa Ly - Dien Bien Phu (F-48-XIX-F-48-XX), Kim Binh - Lao Cai (F-48-VIII-F-48-XIV), 2005. Published and copyringt by Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, Hanoi. Le Huy Minh, Luu Viet Hung, Cao Dinh Trieu, 2001. Some modern methods of the interpretation aeromagnetic data applied for Tuan Giao region. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 22(3), 207-216. Le Huy Minh, Luu Viet Hung, Cao Dinh Trieu, 2002. Using the maximum horizontal gradient vector to interpret magnetic and gravity data in Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 24(1), 67-80. Nabighian M.N., 1972. The analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section: Its properties and use of automated anomaly interpretation: Geophysics, 37, 507-517. Nabighian M.N., 1974. Additional comments on the analytic signal of two-dimensionalmagnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section. Geophysics, 39, 85-92. Roest W. R., J. Verhoef and  M. Pilkington, 1992. Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal: Geophysics, 57, 116-125. Vo Thanh Son, Le Huy Minh, Luu Viet Hung, 2005. Three-dimensional analytic signal method and its application in interpretation of aeromagnetic anomaly maps in the Tuan Giao region. Proceedings of the 4th geophysical scientific and technical conference of Vietnam, Publisher of Science and Engineering 2005. Vo Thanh Son, Le Huy Minh, Luu Viet Hung, 2005. Determining the horizontal position and depth of the density discontinuties in Red River Delta by using the vertical derivative and Euler deconvolution for the gravity anomaly data, Journal of Geology, Series A, 287(3-4), 39-52.Vo Thanh Son, et al., 2007. Determining the location and depth of contrast magnetic boundaries by using 3D analytics signal method and higher derivatives. Proceeding of the 5th geophysical scientific and technical conference of Vietnam.

An Analytical Framework Considering the Effects of Online Teaching Quality on Student Satisfaction

COVID-19 spreads across the world in late 2019 has affected to several aspects of social life. One of the most important sectors, which face difficulties was education, thus most universities have transferred from traditional education to online education through the internet to make their academic year going. This study aims to review the effects of online teaching quality on student satisfaction, a positive attitude resulting from an evaluation of students’ online teaching experience in higher education. Through applying the SERVQUAL model to measure the effects of online teaching quality on students’ satisfaction, it can be expected to get better the online teaching quality of higher education institutions in Vietnam. Keywords: Online teaching, student satisfaction, higher education, COVID-19, educational institution. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-6-08 Publication date:March 31st 202